Introduction
Longjing tea, often referred to as Dragon Well tea, stands as one of China’s most celebrated and revered green teas. Renowned for its rich history, distinctive flat leaves, fragrant aroma, and mellow yet refreshing taste, Longjing has been treasured for centuries. This tea not only symbolizes Chinese tea culture but also reflects the artistry and tradition behind high-quality tea production.
In this detailed article, we will explore every aspect of Longjing tea—from its legendary origins and unique processing techniques to its health benefits and how to brew it perfectly. Whether you are a tea connoisseur or a curious beginner, this guide offers a thorough understanding of one of the world’s most famous green teas.
1. What Is Longjing Tea?
Longjing (龙井), which translates to “Dragon Well,” is a type of pan-roasted green tea originating from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in eastern China. It is prized for its elegant flat-shaped leaves, subtle vegetal sweetness, and a nutty aroma reminiscent of roasted chestnuts.
Longjing tea is characterized by:
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Appearance: Flat, smooth, jade green leaves.
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Aroma: Fresh, floral, with hints of chestnut.
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Taste: Mild, sweet, with a delicate balance of freshness and roasted undertones.
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Color: A bright, clear greenish-yellow infusion.
2. The History and Legend of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea’s history spans over a thousand years, dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), though it gained immense popularity during the Song (960–1279 AD) and Ming Dynasties (1368–1644 AD).
Legendary Origin Story
The tea gets its name from the Dragon Well Village near West Lake in Hangzhou. Legend says that a Taoist priest or dragon once lived near the well, and the tea bushes growing there were blessed with extraordinary qualities.
One famous imperial tale recounts Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visiting the Longjing region and tasting the tea. He was so impressed that he personally named and praised the tea, granting it the highest imperial honor, which further elevated Longjing’s prestige.
3. Growing Regions and Terroir
The authentic and most esteemed Longjing tea comes from the West Lake area in Hangzhou, which offers the ideal natural conditions for tea cultivation:
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Climate: Mild and humid with ample rainfall.
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Soil: Fertile, slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter.
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Altitude: Moderate elevation, providing cool air and mist that protect the delicate leaves.
Within the West Lake area, there are famous sub-regions known as the “Four Famous Longjing Villages”:
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Meijiawu
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Hupao
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Tangjing
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Lingyin
Teas from these villages are considered the highest quality and command premium prices.
4. The Unique Production Process of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea undergoes a meticulous handcrafted process that distinguishes it from other green teas.
4.1 Harvesting
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Timing: The best Longjing tea is picked in early spring (before the Qingming Festival around April 5), when the tea leaves are tender and fresh.
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Picking standard: Usually, one bud and one or two young leaves are plucked to ensure quality and flavor.
4.2 Withering
The freshly picked leaves are spread out to wither slightly, reducing moisture and preparing them for pan-firing.
4.3 Pan-Firing (Roasting)
The hallmark of Longjing tea is the pan-firing step, where tea artisans roast the leaves in large woks over a medium flame. This is done carefully by hand to:
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Stop oxidation
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Remove grassy odors
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Shape the leaves into the iconic flat, smooth form
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Enhance nutty, chestnut aromas
This roasting step requires years of experience to control heat and timing perfectly.
4.4 Cooling and Sorting
After roasting, the tea is cooled naturally and sorted to remove stems and broken leaves. The tea is then packaged to preserve freshness.
5. Varieties of Longjing Tea
Though Longjing is generally considered a single tea type, subtle variations arise from the picking season, region, and processing styles.
5.1 Early Spring Longjing (Pre-Qingming)
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The most prized and expensive.
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Leaves are tender, flavors are sweet and fresh.
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Produces a delicate aroma and a smooth, mellow taste.
5.2 Mid-Spring Longjing
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Still good quality but slightly less tender.
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Flavor is fuller but less subtle than early spring harvest.
5.3 Late Spring and Summer Longjing
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Larger leaves and stronger vegetal flavors.
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Often considered lower grade for daily drinking.
6. How to Brew Longjing Tea Properly
To appreciate the delicate aroma and flavor of Longjing, brewing method is essential.
6.1 Equipment Needed
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Glass or porcelain teapot/cup to appreciate leaf color
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Filter or infuser (optional)
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Fresh spring or filtered water
6.2 Water Temperature
Use water heated to about 75–80°C (167–176°F). Boiling water is too harsh and will scald the delicate leaves, producing bitterness.
6.3 Tea Quantity
Use approximately 3 grams of tea leaves per 150 ml (5 oz) water.
6.4 Brewing Time
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Steep for about 1-2 minutes for the first infusion.
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Longjing can be re-steeped 2–3 times, increasing steep time slightly each round.
6.5 Brewing Steps
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Rinse the teapot/cup with hot water to warm.
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Add the leaves.
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Pour hot water at the correct temperature.
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Cover and steep for 1-2 minutes.
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Pour the tea and enjoy.
7. Taste Profile and Sensory Experience
Longjing tea offers a nuanced sensory experience:
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Appearance: Bright, flat jade green leaves.
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Aroma: Fresh, floral, with chestnut and sweet hints.
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Flavor: Smooth and mellow with a gentle sweetness, no bitterness.
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Aftertaste: Lingering and refreshing.
The experience is often described as calming and satisfying, making Longjing a favorite for connoisseurs.
8. Health Benefits of Longjing Tea
Like many green teas, Longjing tea provides various health benefits, attributed to its rich content of antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenols.
8.1 Rich in Antioxidants
Longjing contains catechins and flavonoids, which help neutralize free radicals, potentially reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
8.2 Boosts Metabolism and Aids Weight Management
The caffeine and polyphenols in Longjing can help increase metabolism and promote fat oxidation.
8.3 Supports Cardiovascular Health
Regular consumption of green tea is linked with improved cholesterol levels and heart health.
8.4 Enhances Mental Alertness
The moderate caffeine combined with L-theanine promotes a state of calm alertness without jitters.
8.5 May Aid in Detoxification
Longjing tea supports liver function and may assist in natural detoxification processes.
8.6 Supports Immune System
Its antioxidants and vitamins may boost immune defense against infections.
9. Cultural Significance of Longjing Tea
Longjing tea is not just a beverage; it is an emblem of Chinese cultural heritage.
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Imperial Tribute: Historically, Longjing was one of the tribute teas sent to Chinese emperors, symbolizing prestige and quality.
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Art Form: The hand-processing and roasting of Longjing are considered tea artistry, requiring skilled craftsmanship.
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Literature and Poetry: Longjing has been celebrated by poets and scholars for centuries, embodying elegance and refinement.
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Social Ritual: Drinking Longjing is a social and meditative ritual in Chinese tea culture, reflecting harmony and mindfulness.
10. How to Identify Authentic Longjing Tea
With its high demand, many teas are mislabeled as Longjing. To ensure authenticity:
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Origin: Authentic Longjing tea comes from Zhejiang Province, especially West Lake region.
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Appearance: True Longjing has smooth, flat leaves with a green jade color.
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Aroma: Fresh and chestnut-like, without musty or overly grassy notes.
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Flavor: Mellow and sweet, never bitter or astringent.
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Price: Genuine Longjing is relatively expensive due to labor-intensive production.
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Packaging: Premium Longjing is often sealed with provenance details and harvesting date.
11. Storing Longjing Tea Properly
To maintain Longjing tea’s freshness and flavor:
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Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
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Use airtight containers to prevent moisture and odors.
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Avoid storing near spices or strong-smelling substances.
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For longer preservation, refrigeration is possible but ensure it is well sealed to avoid moisture.
12. Popular Longjing Tea Pairings and Recipes
Longjing tea pairs well with light foods that don’t overpower its delicate flavor:
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Light pastries or steamed buns
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Fresh fruit such as melon or citrus
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Mild cheeses
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Simple rice or vegetable dishes
Creative Uses
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Longjing iced tea: Brewed Longjing cooled with ice for refreshing summer drink.
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Longjing-infused desserts: Incorporate ground Longjing powder into cakes or ice cream.
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Cooking ingredient: Used as a fragrant addition in soups or steamed dishes.
13. Common Questions About Longjing Tea
Is Longjing tea caffeinated?
Yes, it contains moderate caffeine levels similar to other green teas.
Can Longjing tea be re-steeped?
Absolutely, it can be re-steeped 2-3 times with good flavor retention.
How much Longjing tea should I drink daily?
Moderation is key; 2-3 cups daily is beneficial for most people.
Does Longjing tea go bad?
Yes, like all teas, it can lose aroma and flavor over time, especially if improperly stored.
Conclusion
Longjing tea is a timeless treasure of China’s tea culture—offering a harmonious blend of tradition, craftsmanship, and natural beauty in every cup. From its historic origins by West Lake to the intricate roasting processes that define its signature flavor, Longjing stands out as a tea for both the senses and the soul.
Its balance of sweetness, aroma, and health-promoting properties has captivated tea lovers for centuries, making it a must-try for anyone eager to explore the rich world of green teas. With proper brewing and appreciation, Longjing tea promises a refined, elegant, and refreshing tea experience unlike any other.
If you are new to tea or a seasoned drinker, Longjing invites you to slow down, savor, and enjoy the legendary taste of Dragon Well—a true symbol of Chinese tea mastery.
